Pig Farm Profit Calculator
Calculate the profitability of starting or running a pig farm. Enter number of sows, litter size, feed conversion ratio, market weight, and selling price — get annual revenue, profit per pig, and payback period for your investment.
Annual Summary
How to Calculate Pig Farm Profit
Pig farming profitability comes down to two key numbers: the number of pigs you can market per year, and the margin per pig (selling price minus cost to raise). Feed typically makes up 65–70% of total costs, so FCR — how efficiently your pigs convert feed to weight — is the most important metric to manage.
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Guide
FCR is the kg of feed required to produce 1 kg of live weight gain. A lower FCR means more efficient feed use and higher margins. Commercial pig FCR typically ranges from 2.5 to 3.2 overall.
| FCR Range | Performance Level | Typical Context |
|---|---|---|
| < 2.5 | Excellent | Premium genetics, optimized diet, controlled environment |
| 2.5–2.8 | Good | Improved crossbreds, commercial feed, good management |
| 2.8–3.2 | Average | Standard crossbreds, local commercial feed |
| 3.2–3.8 | Below average | Local breeds, inconsistent feed quality |
| > 3.8 | Poor | Backyard feeding, kitchen waste-based diet |
Pig Farming Startup Cost in India
| Cost Item | Small (10 sows) | Medium (25 sows) |
|---|---|---|
| Sow purchase | ₹1,50,000 | ₹3,75,000 |
| Housing & pens | ₹2,00,000–3,00,000 | ₹4,50,000–6,00,000 |
| Equipment & feeders | ₹40,000–60,000 | ₹80,000–1,20,000 |
| Initial feed stock | ₹30,000–50,000 | ₹70,000–1,00,000 |
| Total estimate | ₹4.2–6 lakh | ₹9.5–12 lakh |
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does it cost to start a pig farm?
Starting a small pig farm with 10 sows in India costs roughly: Sows (₹15,000 × 10) = ₹1,50,000, a boar or AI fees = ₹20,000–₹30,000, housing and pens (₹1,000–2,000 per pig capacity) = ₹2,00,000+, equipment = ₹30,000–₹50,000. Total: ₹4–6 lakh for 10 sows. Feed cost is the largest ongoing expense — budget ₹25–30/kg for commercial pig feed.
How profitable is pig farming?
A 10-sow farm producing 2.2 litters/year at 10 piglets each with 8% mortality yields ~202 pigs/year. Sold at 100 kg × ₹150/kg = ₹15,000/pig, total revenue is ₹30,30,000/year. Feed cost (FCR 2.8, ₹25/kg per pig) = ₹7,00,000, vet ₹60,600, labor ₹1,44,000 — net profit ~₹22,25,000/year, about ₹1.85 lakh/month. Pig farming is one of the fastest-return livestock businesses due to high litter sizes.
How many piglets does a sow produce per year?
A well-managed sow produces 2–2.5 litters/year. Average litter size is 8–12 piglets (improved breeds like Large White × Landrace can reach 12–14). With an 8% pre-weaning mortality, a sow averages 18–22 pigs marketed per year. Our calculator defaults to 2.2 litters × 10 piglets × 92% survival = ~20 pigs/sow/year, which is achievable with good management.
What is the FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) for pigs?
FCR measures kg of feed needed per kg of live weight gain. For commercial pigs: starter (0–25 kg): FCR 1.4–1.8, grower (25–60 kg): FCR 2.2–2.6, finisher (60–100 kg): FCR 2.8–3.2. Overall FCR from weaning to 100 kg market weight is typically 2.5–3.0. Our calculator defaults to 2.8. Lower FCR means better feed efficiency — good genetics and feed quality can achieve 2.4–2.6 FCR.
What is the best pig breed for profit in India?
Large White Yorkshire × Landrace cross is most popular — fast-growing, good FCR, 10–12 piglets/litter. Hampshire is good for lean meat. Duroc crosses are valued for meat quality. Indigenous breeds like Ghungroo (Assam) and Niang Megha (Meghalaya) are hardy and disease-resistant, better for low-input farming. For maximum profit, cross-bred pigs (improved × desi) balance growth performance with adaptability to local conditions.
How long does it take a pig to reach market weight?
From weaning (3–4 weeks old, ~8 kg) to 100 kg market weight takes 140–180 days on commercial diets. Total from birth to market: 5.5–7 months. Improved breeds reach 100 kg faster (140–160 days), local breeds take 200–240 days. To reach 90 kg in 170 days, pigs need average daily gain (ADG) of around 530–560 g/day. Our calculator uses 170 days as the default, which is achievable with crossbred pigs on quality feed.